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Two basic modelling options
A crop monitoring program has to be based on data from different locations inside the country of region that needs to be monitored.
Technically these monitoring locations are points. Points can be pinpointed at the earth’s surface with coordinates. The coordinate system that is used in crop forecasting is called a geographic coordinate system whereby the coordinates are expressed in Longitude - Latitude pairs.
Read more: Geographic Coordinates
Within the crop forecasting tools these locations are
When setting up a crop monitoring program two basic approaches exist
gridding before modelling, and modelling before gridding. Advantages and disadvantages in terms of errors, labour and accuracy of forecasts.