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- Main Page (2720 bytes)
15: [[Chapter6|1.5.]] Introduction to CMBox software, data formats and GIS.
25: ===3. Gathering and calculating weather data ===
27: ... Entering and importing normal and actual weather data.
31: ...and using the dekadal rainfall and ET<sub>0</sub> database for crop monitoring
33: ===4. Gathering and calculating crop data === - Chapter2 (10418 bytes)
23: * agrometeorological or satellite data, sometimes a combination of both. They do not dep...
24: revisable as new data become available;
27: ...mproving links in the “jungle” of methods and data.
54: ...nship between Index and yield. Unfortunately such data is in practice often not available.
57: ...ing every year and could partly substitute ground data. - Chapter8 (7466 bytes)
13: ...em of WMO. Most of these stations provide weather data that enable users to calculate the Penman-Monteit...
14: ...ese stations monitor just rainfall and send their data to the National Meteorological Office once a day.
15: ... for climatic studies and the provision of normal data.
20: * A reasonably stable stream of data on de dekadal basis (or daily, hourly basis) shou...
23: ===Data requirements for a station=== - Chapter3 (7543 bytes)
35: * Input data
36: The availability of input data is crucial and in the practical circumstances of ...
55: ...ata on saturated and unsaturated water flow. Also data on site specific soil and crop management are req...
66: ...tire growing seasons. Basic, daily meteorological data are used to calculate daily, potential evaporatio... - Chapter7 (4576 bytes)
12: A crop monitoring program has to be based on data from different locations inside the country or re...
26: ...ation weather data are more accurate than gridded data, certainly in the vicinity of the stations themse...
28: ...aced network is irregularly spaced as well, these data can be transformed into grids or images using int...
37: ... ground data are scarce or inaccurate and weather data with sufficient accuracy are available on a grid ...
39: * Data are relatively easy to get. - Chapter6 (5439 bytes)
3: ==1.5. Introduction to CMBox software, data formats and GIS. ==
17: ===Data types used in crop forecasting.===
19: ...s, mainly because low-cost GIS systems with their data types did not exist at the time most early warnin...
21: ...e header followed by unblocked (raw binary) image data, 1 byte per pixel, beginning at the top-left of t...
30: ...t has been developed by a company (Atlas GIS) for data exchange purposes. It is a simple ASCII format. T... - IDAimageformat (8804 bytes)
2: ...512 byte image header followed by unblocked image data, 1 byte per pixel, beginning at the top-left of t...
166: The lower limit for valid image data to be used in processing (range = 0-255). Only av...
171: The upper limit for valid image data to be used in processing (range = 0-255). Only av... - Chapter4 (8663 bytes)
13: Satellite data are a useful source of large-area information for...
16: Simulation models and satellite data are complementary. Firstly, because remote sensin...
18: ...tratification, zoning and area averaging of point data in combination with GIS and
34: ...ations described above, NOAA-AVHRR remote sensing data has been regularly used by many countries. The No...
37: ...field conditions for calibration of the satellite data or “ground truth” is always required. - Chapter9 (3576 bytes)
11: ... (agro)meteorological data and entering them into databases. See an example of one of these projects in ...
15: ...ata that have large variations from year to year (data with yearly fluctuations)
17: ===Data that may be considered constant for the reference...
25: ===Data that fluctuate strongly from year to year===
26: * Yields and production data per administrative unit. - Chapter10 (3548 bytes)
3: ... Entering and importing normal and actual weather data. ==
10: ... be seen in the top bar of AgroMetShell. Entering data is done in three ways:
13: * Importing from tabular ASCII data.
16: === Option1: Entering weather data manually===
17: ...is example will show how to enter dekadal weather data. - Chapter13 (28984 bytes)
3: ...and the spatial interpolation of weather and crop data. ==
13: ...tion of meteorological data as well as crop yield data on a regular grid. The basic idea of spatial inte...
22: ...ast area of spatial interpolation of agroclimatic data. How many neighbouring stations should be used? H...
59: ...emporal integration (i.e. daily, decadal, monthly data) etc.
137: ...reasonable one, e.g. altitude. Satellite Enhanced Data Interpolation (SEDI) is a special application of ... - Chapter11 (4844 bytes)
12: ...to calculate ET<sub>0</sub> are listed below. The data should be provided in daily form. This will resul...
43: ===Checking data availability using AgrometShell===
45: In order to check whether enough input data are available to calculate ET<sub>0</sub> Agromet...
49: ...ft side of the screen and fill them with your own data. Try to calculate. If a value is calculated for t...
58: ...d in AgrometShell using data from the database or data in external ASCII files. In this paragraph the se... - ASCIIDataImport (1901 bytes)
3: ...ple of importing ASCII data into the AgrometShell database'''=
13: |width="225"|Assume the data are imported into the ‘Example1’ stations lis...
15: |width="225"|The stations are found in the database. Pressing <Next> brings up the next screen||[...
17: |width="225"|The data definition screen appears.||[[Image:image027.png|...
19: ...al rainfall starts in column 7. First the type of data is specified after pressing the corresponding but... - Chapter12 (4870 bytes)
3: ...and using the dekadal rainfall and ET<sub>0</sub> database for crop monitoring==
11: ...iod is called a “dekad”. Should daily weather data of good spatial and temporal extend be available,...
13: ...rder to do crop forecasting the following weather data have to be gathered:
14: * Actual decadal rainfall data for the running season.
15: * Actual decadal ET<sub>0</sub> data for the running season - Chapter27 (10184 bytes)
66: ...recasting and many other systems have a number of data and methods in common. Yet, they are mostly opera...
68: ...ricultural operations (observation and processing data) and to issue forecasts, warnings, and advisories... - Chapter1 (10976 bytes)
18: ...“micro-scale”, we have the field or the farm. Data are usually available with good accuracy at that ...
21: ...p yields”. In fact, given the same set of input data, different experts frequently come up with rather...
22: ...lative share of judgement, statistics, models and data used in the process. Armstrong identifies 3 group...
30: ... in his area, simply based on his judgement. Such data are added up to the next administrative level and...
54: ...s interpretation and will only give access to its database against payment. - Chapter14 (4541 bytes)
31: ...ults against. Establishing a good series of yield data requires the application of some detrending stati... - Chapter24 (6943 bytes)
22: ...e is built up over a few years and the quality of data and its interpretation improve, there should be a...
36: ...dating and retrieving the data. It should contain data from all components of the system.
44: ... of sampling errors. The processing of the survey data will be done centrally and results become availab...
49: ...remature or privileged disclosure of the forecast data would give certain individuals or groups an unfai... - Chapter15 (4119 bytes)
20: ...functions to estimate planting dates from weather data. One functions is based on a rainfall threshold, ...
23: ...p coefficients can be set with the AgrometShell ''Database-Configure-Crop Coefficients'' function. Crop ... - Chapter19 (5665 bytes)
3: ==6.2. Gathering all data into the FAO AgroMetShell crop simulation softwar...
12: ===Entering data for a crop water balance calculation===
14: ...on. For a water balance calculation the following data are needed:
17: ===Weather data===
18: ...urrent dekad). There are three ways to read these data into AgrometShell.
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